Department of Gastroenterology
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What is Intestinal Perforation ?
A gastrointestinal perforation (GP) occurs when the stomach, colon, or entire small intestine is punctured. It can be caused by a variety of diseases, including appendicitis and diverticulitis. It can also be the result of trauma, such as a knife or gunshot wound. The gallbladder may also perforate. This may present with symptoms similar to those of gastrointestinal perforation.
A perforation in the digestive tract or gallbladder can cause peritonitis. Peritonitis is inflammation of the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity.
Occurs when any of the following enter the abdominal cavity:
- bacteria
- bile
- stomach acid
- partially digested food
- stool
- GP is a medical emergency requiring immediate medical attention. The condition is life threatening. Early diagnosis and treatment increase the chances of recovery.
- This condition is also known as bowel perforation or intestinal perforation.
- Severe abdominal pain
- Chills
- Fever
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdomen very soft if peritonitis with gastrointestinal perforation.
- Pain is often worsened when someone touches or palpates the area or when the patient moves. Generally, lying still relieves the pain. The abdomen may protrude and feel tighter than usual.
GP has many causes. For example, underlying gastrointestinal disease may increase the risk of perforation. Familiarize yourself with your medical history and learn about current conditions that may increase your risk.
Call your doctor if you notice any significant change from normal, especially if you have abdominal pain or fever.
In most cases, surgery is needed to close the hole and treat the condition.
The goals of surgery are:
- Correct anatomic problems
- Correct the cause of peritonitis
- Remove foreign objects from the abdominal cavity that may cause problems, such as faeces, bile, food
If the hole closes on its own in one operation Prescribe antibiotics only for Part of the intestine may need to be removed. A colostomy or ileostomy may be done when part of the small or large intestine is removed. This expels or drains the intestinal contents into a pouch attached to the abdominal wall.